English definition of Glucoside

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Definition of glucoside

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Glucoside (n.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the natur

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Saponin :: Saponin (n.) A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphous powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anaesthesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quillaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type..

Convallamarin :: Convallamarin (n.) A white, crystalline, poisonous substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the lily of the valley (Convallaria Majalis). Its taste is first bitter, then sweet..

Colocynthin :: Colocynthin (n.) The active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside..

Indican :: Indican (n.) A glucoside obtained from woad (indigo plant) and other plants, as a yellow or light brown sirup. It has a nauseous bitter taste, a decomposes or drying. By the action of acids, ferments, etc., it breaks down into sugar and indigo. It is the source of natural indigo..

Paviin :: Paviin (n.) A glucoside found in species of the genus Pavia of the Horse-chestnut family.

Scillain :: Scillain (n.) A glucoside extracted from squill (Scilla) as a light porous substance.

Dulcamarin :: Dulcamarin (n.) A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (Solanum Dulcamara), as a yellow amorphous substance. It probably occasions the compound taste. See Bittersweet, 3(a)..

Myronic :: Myronic (a.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mustard; -- used specifically to designate a glucoside called myronic acid, found in mustard seed..

Vernonin :: Vernonin (n.) A glucoside extracted from the root of a South African plant of the genus Vernonia, as a deliquescent powder, and used as a mild heart tonic..

Gentiopikrin :: Gentiopikrin (n.) A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian..

Sinigrin :: Sinigrin (n.) A glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica nigra, formerly Sinapis nigra) It resembles sinalbin, and consists of a potassium salt of myronic acid..

Emulsin :: Emulsin (n.) An unorganized ferment (contained in this extract and in other vegetable juices), which effects the decomposition of certain glucosides..

Quercitrin :: Quercitrin (n.) A glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (Quercus) as a bitter citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called quercitron..

Polygalic :: Polygalic (a.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, saponin..

Cathartin :: Cathartin (n.) The bitter, purgative principle of senna. It is a glucoside with the properties of a weak acid; -- called also cathartic acid, and cathartina..

Violaquercitrin :: Violaquercitrin (n.) A yellow crystalline glucoside obtained from the pansy (Viola tricolor), and decomposing into glucose and quercitrin..

Phlorizin :: Phlorizin (n.) A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc..

Solanine :: Solanine (n.) A poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of common nightshade (Solanum nigrum), and of bittersweet, and from potato sprouts, as a white crystalline substance having an acrid, burning taste; -- called also solonia, and solanina..

Quinovin :: Quinovin (n.) An amorphous bitter glucoside derived from cinchona and other barks. Called also quinova bitter, and quinova..

Glycyrrhizin :: Glycyrrhizin (n.) A glucoside found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza), in monesia bark (Chrysophyllum), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste..