English definition of Distillation

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Definition of distillation

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Distillation (n.) The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization; condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam..

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Fractionate :: Fractionate (v. t.) To separate into different portions or fractions, as in the distillation of liquids..

Adopter :: Adopter (n.) A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose openings have different diameters..

Dephlegmation :: Dephlegmation (n.) The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated distillation; -- called also concentration, especially when acids are the subject of it..

Paraxylene :: Paraxylene (n.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and Xylene..

Cespitine :: Cespitine (n.) An oil obtained by distillation of peat, and containing various members of the pyridine series..

Bolthead :: Bolthead (n.) A long, straight-necked, glass vessel for chemical distillations; -- called also a matrass or receiver..

Dephlegmator :: Dephlegmator (n.) An instrument or apparatus in which water is separated by evaporation or distillation; the part of a distilling apparatus in which the separation of the vapors is effected.

Styrone :: Styrolene (n.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C8H8, obtained by the distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; -- called also phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene, styrol, styrene, and cinnamene..

Cumene :: Cumene (n.) A colorless oily hydrocarbon, C6H5.C3H7, obtained by the distillation of cuminic acid; -- called also cumol..

Dunder :: Dunder (n.) The lees or dregs of cane juice, used in the distillation of rum..

Kerosene :: Kerosene (n.) An oil used for illuminating purposes, formerly obtained from the distillation of mineral wax, bituminous shale, etc., and hence called also coal oil. It is now produced in immense quantities, chiefly by the distillation and purification of petroleum. It consists chiefly of several hydrocarbons of the methane series..

Lepidine :: Lepidine (n.) An organic base, C9H6.N.CH3, metameric with quinaldine, and obtained by the distillation of cinchonine..

Alembic :: Alembic (n.) An apparatus formerly used in distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given place to the retort and worm still..

Mint :: Mint (n.) The name of several aromatic labiate plants, mostly of the genus Mentha, yielding odoriferous essential oils by distillation. See Mentha..

Pyrocatechin :: Pyrocatechin (n.) A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, of the phenol series, found in various plants; -- so called because first obtained by distillation of gum catechu. Called also catechol, oxyphenol. etc..

Coke :: Coke (n.) Mineral coal charred, or depriver of its bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in a kiln or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is lagerly used where / smokeless fire is required..

Pyrolignic :: Pyrolignic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, the acid liquid obtained in the distillation of wood, consisting essentially of impure acetic acid..

Tropilidene :: Tropilidene (n.) A liquid hydrocarbon obtained by the dry distillation of tropine with quicklime. It is regarded as being homologous with dipropargyl.

Eupione :: Eupione (n.) A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; -- specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series..

Stillbirth :: Stillatory (a.) A laboratory; a place or room in which distillation is performed.