Stripped :: Stringy (a.) Capable of being drawn into a string, as a glutinous substance; ropy; viscid; gluely..
Stripper :: Stripling (n.) A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad..
Strippet :: Stripper (n.) One who, or that which, strips; specifically, a machine for stripping cards..